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northern pike
The northern pike (''Esox lucius''), known simply as a pike in Britain, Ireland, most of Canada, and most parts of the United States, (also called jackfish or simply "northern" in the U.S. Upper Midwest and in Manitoba), is a species of carnivorous fish of the genus ''Esox'' (the pikes). They are typical of brackish and fresh waters of the Northern Hemisphere (''i.e.'' holarctic in distribution).
Pike grow to a relatively large size: the average length is about 70–120 cm (28–47 in). Even so, lengths of up to and weights of are very rare. The heaviest specimen known so far was caught in 1983 at an abandoned stone quarry in Germany, where the species is called ''Hecht''. This specimen was long and weighed . The longest pike ever recorded and confirmed was long and weighed . A pike of 60.5 in (154 cm) was caught and released in May 2004 in Apisko Lake, Manitoba. Historic reports of giant pike, caught in nets in Ireland in the late 19th century, of with a length of 173–175 cm (67–68 in), were researched by Fred Buller and published in ''The Domesday Book of Mammoth Pike''. Neither Britain nor Ireland has managed to produce much in the way of giant pike in the last 50 years, so substantial doubt exists surrounding those earlier claims. Currently, the IGFA recognizes a pike caught by Lothar Louis in Lake of Greffern, Germany, on 16 October 1986, as the all-tackle world-record northern pike.
==Etymology==
The northern pike gets its name from its resemblance to the pole-weapon known as the pike (from the Middle English for pointed). Its binomial name translates to 'Pitiless water-wolf' as "esox" means 'pitiless' and "lucius" means 'water-wolf'.〔http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio203/s2008/haslag_bria/Classification.htm〕 Various other unofficial trivial names are: American pike, common pike, great northern pike, Great Lakes pike, grass pike, snot rocket, slough shark, snake, slimer, slough snake, northern, gator (due a head similar in shape to that of an alligator), jack, jackfish, hammer handle, Sharptooth McGraw, Mr. Toothy, and other such names as long head and pointy nose. Numerous other names can be found in ''Field Museum Zool. Leaflet Number 9''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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